Bourdieus Theory of Consumer Taste Formation Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Bourdieu rejects the assumption that tastes and preferences are formed on an individualistic basis and they are the results of the individualistic choices of the human intellect. He argues that tastes and preferences are socially constructed and that these tastes actually define the symbolic hierarchy within the society. This hierarchy is actually enforced by various classes within the society to actually enforce their distance and distinction from other classes of the society. Tastes and preferences, therefore, is a way through which different classes can actually distinguish themselves from other classes of the society. According to Bourdieu, tastes, and preferences, therefore, are a weapon for classes within the society to actually distinguish powerful from weak, high and low and legitimate and illegitimate within the society. He, however, defines a whole range of different social actions in which the tastes and preferences can actually distinguish people from each other. These s ocial actions include food consumption, drinks, newspapers, music, and literature and so on. It is also critical to note that Bourdieu has actually extended these social actions to the activities which have distinct aesthetics components such as clothing and perfumes to more ordinary and mundane activities such as choosing the leisure and food activities by the lower order of the society. We will write a custom essay sample on Bourdieu's Theory of Consumer Taste Formation or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Questions On Children And Workplace - 1847 Words

IGN (Include Previous Names Also): Current Name - Suiicide Previous Names - https://namemc.com/profile/Suiicide/1482e804 Age: 14 Timezone: EST Location: United States, New York Gender: Male How many hours can you play each day?: Here is a estimated time schedule Monday - 3-4 hours Tuesday - 3-5 hours Wednesday - 4 hours Thursday - 3-6 hours Friday - 4-5 hours Saturday - 5-7 hours Sunday - 4-6 Have you had any past experience?: Yes, on the following servers. 2015PvP ( FFA ): Head Moderator CursePvP ( Factions ): Moderator Vexile ( HCF/FFA Server) : Platform Admin HoloUHC ( UHC ): Moderator VeltPvP ( Kitmap/Practice/HCF ): Helper Voltix ( FFA/Practice ): Trainee Viper ( HCF ): Helper Holo ( HCF ): Dev/Admin Are you staff on any other servers currently?: No Why should you be chosen as a staff member?: I believe I should be chosen because Firstly, Since I got past experience being staff I know what not to do and what to do for example I won t abuse for a friend on or any server. I will always try not to be afk as much because while your afk you might be missing out on important stuff like hackers or discussions. Secondly, I believe I m more mature than many kids my age. I m not one of those kids who scream in there microphone in TeamSpeak to be cool or to show off to your friends. I always try to stay positive through the hardest times that will help many staff because Its not easy especially if you cant control your temper or your not patient, Being patient is theShow MoreRelatedRacial Discrimination Past, Present, And Future1191 Words   |  5 Pagesrings true where equality in the workplace is concerned. In Toni Cade Bambara’s short story â€Å"The Lesson†, we see what social discrimination looks like through the eyes o f children who are observing a wealthier part of town. In their eyes, they see and injustice and question why it is not being altered into something centered more on equality and equal opportunity. Toni Cade Bambara’s story â€Å"The Lesson† is written to make a point about racial discrimination in the workplace and social inequality. In Bambara’sRead MoreThe Inequality Between Men And Women Based Solely On Gender1025 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussions since the early centuries. Gender inequality can happen in any setting, time, and place. However, gender inequality is highly likely inside the workplace. Many employers discriminate against woman and sometimes then do not even know that what they are saying or doing is considered discrimination. Gender inequality in the workplace happens during the interview process, after being hired, and it can be seen through the use of pay discrimination and sexual harassment. An interview forRead MoreThe Importance Of Active Listening, Positive Verbal Communication And Understanding Level Of Communication1588 Words   |  7 Pagesto exchange our attitude, thoughts and feelings through written, verbal and non-verbal interaction with each other (Crisp, Potter, Perry, 2013). In a wide range of workplaces, these interactions are primarily used to develop professional relationships with clients. To discuss the importance of effective communication in workplaces, I had the opportunity to interview a security guard who uses effective communication skills on a daily basis to communicate with his clients. The central effectiveRead MoreEqual Rights1089 Words   |  5 Pagesfor what they believe in, there are still many aspects of the workplace that are not as equal as the opportunities that men are given. For hundreds of years women have fought to have equal rights in the workplace. First, it was not uncommon for a woman to be a prisoner in her own home. The man of the house was the one who brought all the income home and the woman took care of the all the cooking, cleaning, and tending to the children. This was the tradition of American women; it was the way thatRead MoreGender Discrimination Against Women During The Workplace1088 Words   |  5 PagesDiscrimination Against Women in the Workplace We have made a lot of strides for women in the workplace in the past couple of decades but the problem that still remains is discrimination. A women just wants to be treated like others in the workplace and not to be harassed, judged, looked down or might not be considered for the position because she is a women. According the Department of Labor Statistics 57% of women participate in the labor force, 70% of these women have children under the age of 18. AndRead MoreLiterature Review : The United States Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagesthe workplace. Such discrimination only increases when the events of childbirth are taken into account. When women give birth, they often opt to stay lengthy amounts of time with the members of the family as opposed to remaining in the workplace for the duration of their maternity leave. Thus, there is increased rates of discrimination towards these women specifically. Often mothers within the workplace receive the most discrimination as opposed to sam e-gendered individuals without children. TheRead MoreAchieving Gender Inequality Within The American Workplace Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican workplace which is currently not present. In the workplace it can be especially difficult for women to reach positions of great power because they’re often targets of discrimination and disrespect. In the essay Lean In: What Would You Do If You Weren’t Afraid? Sheryl Sandberg gave us her experience of her feeling this gender discrimination at her workplace. Sandberg that she was listening to a guest of honor speech that spoke the entire time which made the only way to ask a question was toRead MoreDisclosure For Direct Patient Care963 Words   |  4 Pagesresponsible for my care receives and reviews it. A positive impact this disclosure has in a workplace is the strict security of privacy for all employees. Whether they are nurses or front desk staff, they may receive all their care from the same hospital or clinic that they work. This disclosure helps give a sense of privacy between co-workers and their supervisors. A negative impact this disclosure may have in a workplace is when one is needs help immediate ly and have to use a foreign healthcare facilityRead MoreVulnerable Population - Hispanic Children Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesVulnerable Population - Hispanic Children Young Hispanic children experience multiple disparities in health status, insurance coverage, barriers to healthcare access and the quality of health care received. There have been multiple studies that have researched racial/ethnic disparities among adults, however few studies have examined the racial/ethnic disparities in the health care of children. The United States is experiencing a demographic surge in minority children, particularly among the youngestRead MoreWorkplace Discrimination : Tips For Executives, Managers, And Students1261 Words   |  6 Pages David A. Robinson wrote a short book, Workplace Discrimination: Tips for Executives, Managers, and Students to Increase Productivity and Reduce Litigation, in hopes to help managers and future managers avoid illegal discrimination and avoid discrimination lawsuits. Robinson began with telling about Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"I have a dream† speech and compared it to the time today to American President Barak Obama. From Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s speech to the inauguration of American President

Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about thePlasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition for Growth. Answer: Literature Review The plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition is a technology of chemical vapour deposition that uses a plasma to give some of the energy for the deposition reaction to be carried out. This gives a benefit of processing of lower temperature than the use of methods of purely thermal processing such as low-pressure chemical vapour deposition. The processing temperatures of plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition range between 200oC to 400oC while the processing temperatures of the low-pressure chemical vapour deposition range between 425oC to 900oC. The plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition system which is normally abbreviated as PECVD is a type of the chemical vapour deposition process which normally differs in the means by which the chemical reactions are initiated. This research seeks to discuss on the addition of plasma into the system so as to make sure that the growth is vertically explicit since it is difficult to create the vertical nanotubes by the use of the system of chemical vapour deposition. This project is motivated towards coming up with enhanced and well-sized system of desktop plasma deposition. For this design to be effective, there is need for identification of the customer requirements and also quantitative engineering requirements and the analysis carried out using quality function deployment diagram(Chopra, 2012). The major requirements are: Operating contrition controller Sizable system size that can fit on the desktop easily A cap that is adjustable that changes the electric field condition(Franssila, 2010) Operation of PECVD The dilution and reactant gases flow into process chamber by a shower head which is a huge metal plate that is perforated and situated above the sample. The shower heat assists in providing an extra uniform distribution of reactant gas flow over the surface of the sample. Electrons that are energetic in the plasma dissociate or ionize the reactant gases to produce extra radicals that are chemically reactive. The radicals react to produce the thin film of material deposition on the sample's top. The supplied energy by the plasma gives the major advantage of the minimized temperature of the process for plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition compared to low-pressure chemical vapour deposition where every energy for reaction is thermally supplied(Konuma, 2011). Methods of Designing PECVD There are two methods which can be used when designing the plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition, these methods include local techniques and remote techniques. In the remote plasma design, the substrate is developed on a substrate that is separate. Whereas for the local plasma design system, the plasma is generated directly on the substrate in the environment provided. In the local plasma. The electric field is developed on the substrate and the electric field can result in the destruction of the nanotubes. In the remote plasma, there is no development of the electric field over the substrate and there is weak electric field produced on the substrate(Mattox, 2016). From the features above of both the local plasma and the remote plasma, the most preferred technique is the remote design since there is weaker electric field produced on the substrate for this particular design. Some of the major components of the system that need to be developed when designing the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system including the inductive plasma box, tube with remote inductive plasma and oven heating, tube with remote inductive plasma and DC substrate bias, steel or pyrex six-way cross with remote inductive plasma and DC substrate bias, pyrex cross with remote inductive plasma and DC substrate bias(Ostrikov, 2011). The vapour deposition system can be categorized into three modules namely controllers, reaction chamber, and plasma coil. The methods that are normally used in generating plasma chemical vapour deposition system include inductively coupled, direct current, radiofrequency triode, and microwave(Pierson, 2012). These methodologies are shown in the figure below: The plasma chemical vapor deposition system can be categorized into three different sections, these categories include the operating condition controllers which also supports the reaction chamber module, plasma coil and electronics which gives support to the reaction chamber module, and the reaction chamber which comprise of the central module which houses the internal chamber assembly(Rahtu, 2015). Design Modules and Sub-modules The major component of the PCVD system is the reaction chamber which plays an important role during the development of the design module. The reaction chamber assists in the production of plasma and also providing a surface for the nanotubes development. The numerous sections of the reaction chamber are the inlet, outlet, chamber wall, an electrical feedthrough, reactant gas, and viewports. The production of the plasma is made possible by the supporting electronics, plasma coil, and operating conditioners. The remaining design submodules and modules depend on the reaction chamber's design. Therefore, it is in order, to begin with the reaction chamber design before continuing with the design of other modules(Richard, 2010). The sub-modules which can be produced during the process of design include the adjustable electrode and the internal assembly chamber. The adjustable electrode assists in coming up with the preliminary design concept and is comprised of an automatic height adjustment concept that uses a DC motor so as to displace the wheel and also maintaining the difference in pressure in the chamber and outside atmosphere. In the manually adjustable electrode, a rod that is threaded joined to the rod that is rotating is applied which in turn moves downward and upward(Seshan, 2012). Design of PECVD The remote plasma source is the most appropriate method for designing of the plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition since this method assist greatly in disconnecting the plasma and electric field and also enabling the system to be more adjustable. A box shape PECVD is important since it helps in promoting and easy access to the substrate. The complete design of the plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition is composed of three major sections namely quartz and the main reaction chamber. There is also internal chamber assembly which is made up of the various components of heating and holder to the substrate. There is also the base and the support which is made up of the base system, internal system, chamber support, and infrared sensor(Sherman, 2014). The figure below shows the design of the plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition: Figure 6: Three subassemblies of the PECVD(Tavares, 2013) Chamber: The chamber is made up of 2inch diameter and with a fitting on the left section of the chamber to allow gas entry. The tube is enclosed with copper material that is joined to the generator of radio frequency which is involved in the generation of the plasma. Internal Subassembly: The internal subassembly is normally deigned to provide an efficient and safe environment for both the growing carbon nanotubes and internal components. The quartz rods provides support to the assembly and maintain the system tray and chamber electrically. Support and base system: The base assist is provision of support to the entire system and is normally made of aluminium plate. There is need to provide support to the system for it to be in good and fixed position(Zhang, 2012). Electronic components: There are many electrical connections throughput the entire system. The source acts as a generator while the plasma acts as the load. Therefore, there is a matching that is automatic which joins the generator and the load. The system is wrapped by the use of copper mesh so as to reduce the disturbances that may be as a result of the surrounding of the system(Pierson, 2012). Failure Analysis There is need of adopting possible failures in the system, the impacts of the failures to the system, and the actions required to avoid such failures from occurring through failure effect and mode analysis. The categories of failures in the system can be mechanical, fluid pressure, electrical, human factors, temperature, environment, biological and radiation. Electrical failure may be caused by live parts, lack or grounding, arcing, improper wiring, power supply interruption, and coil winding around quartz tube. Biological failure affects both the skin and the eye in case of leakage of methane leading to irritation(Ostrikov, 2011). The quartz tube temperature could surpass the O-rings maximum service temperature which may lead to mechanical failure. The basic requirement when working around the CNT is to wear gloves, failure in which may lead to electric shock while handling electrical circuits. Hydrogen being one of the reactant gases may leak from the system leading to fire hazard since it is highly flammable. Other reactant gases which are flammable and pose a potential fire hazards include methane, hydrogen, and helium(Chopra, 2012). Environmental Impacts The manufacturing of quartz and stainless steel impacts negatively on the climatic change, ozone layer, eco-toxicity, acidity, land use, and minerals. Majority of the environmental impacts are as a result of the stainless steel. These environmental impacts can be minimized by the use of different material which may pose a challenge because the stainless steel is readily available to be utilized in the chamber of the system. The stainless steel is also appropriate in non-reactive conditions and less expensive making it capable enduring plasma. The manufacture of quartz and stainless steel also has some effects on the health of humans(Richard, 2010). Bibliography Chopra, K., 2012. Thin Film Device Applications. illustrated ed. Nawanshahr: Springer Science Business Media. Franssila, S., 2010. Introduction to Microfabrication. 2 ed. Helsinki: John Wiley Sons. Konuma, B., 2011. Film Deposition by Plasma Techniques. Prentice Hall: Spring-Verlag. Mattox, D. M., 2016. Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Processing. revised ed. Kentucky: William Andrew. Ostrikov, K., 2011. PLASMA NANOSCIENCE. SYDNEY: JOHN WILEY AND SONS. Pierson, H. O., 2012. Handbook of Chemical Vapor Deposition: Principles, Technology and Applications. Paris: Elsevier Science. Rahtu, A., 2015. Atomic Layer Deposition of High Permittivity Oxides: Film Growth and In Situ Studies. Perth: University of Helsinki. Richard, C., 2010. Introduction to Microelectronic Fabrication. New York: Upper Saddle River. Seshan, K., 2012. Handbook of Thin Film Deposition: Techniques, Processes, and Technologies. illustrated, revised ed. Arizona: William Andrew. Sherman, K., 2014. hemical Vapor Deposition for Microelectronics Principles, Technology, and Applications. Harrow: Noyes Publications. Tavares, L., 2013. Plasma Synthesis of Coated Metal Nanoparticles with Surface Properties Tailored for Dispersion. Colorado: Plasma Processes and Polymers. Zhang, Q., 2012. Advances in Nanodevices and Nanofabrication: Selected Publications from Symposium of Nanodevices and Nanofabrication in ICMAT. illustrated ed. london: CRC Press.

An inquiry into ophelias madne Essay Example For Students

An inquiry into ophelias madne Essay The character Ophelia in William Shakespeares play Hamlet plays a very interesting and important role in the elaboration of the plot. In the beginning, she starts off in a healthy state of mind, in love with her boyfriend Hamlet, yet controlled by her father in regard to their relationship. During the play she encounters several troubling experiences involving Hamlet which cause her to become distressed. Near the end, the death of her father leaves Ophelia mentally unstable and in a state of madness that eventually leads her to death. So, due to all of the unfortunate events that took place with the people she loved the most in her life, Ophelia gradually becomes mad, and in the end passes away. Ophelias and Hamlets love for each other in the beginning was very real. Following the death of his father Hamlet falls in love with her, and is much attracted by her beauty. It is not uncertain, however, that Ophelia is very much controlled by her father. She is the daughter of Polonius, the chief advisor to the new King Claudius, and a highly respected man. Her father demands that she tell Hamlet at once that she can no longer be with him and tells her I would not, in plain terms, from this time forth have you so slander any moment leisure as to give words or talk with the Lord Hamlet. Look tot, I charge you. Come your ways. (I.iii.132-35). It is clear that here Polonius is making decisions for his daughter, regardless if she really loves Hamlet or not. She feels very unimportant and helpless now, and because of this develops a lack of emotional confidence and strength. All she can reply is I do not, my lord, what I should think. (I.iii.104). She is used to relying on her fathers direction and has been brought up to be very obedient. As well, her brother Laertes agrees with what their father is saying. He also tells Ophelia that Hamlet is no good for her Perhaps he loves you not (I.iii.16). He thinks that Hamlet only loves her because he wants to seduce her, and demands his sister to never see him again. Ophelia can only accept her father and brothers beliefs and writes Hamlet a letter which informs him that she can no longer see him. As a result, she begins to feel alone with very little independence. At this point in the play Ophelias emotions are what help contribute to her madness. There are a few other incidents in the play which help in the course of Ophelias madness. When Hamlet receives the letter from Ophelia he is affected terribly by her words. The next time she sees Hamlet she is surprised and even a bit frightened by his behavior. He did not look like he usually does, and he acted very strange towards her. He held her by the wrists and stared deeply into her face, long and hard, then storms out, leaving her intensely troubled and saddened. After that she tells her father, and he believes that Ophelias love is what made him mad. That hath made him mad (II. i.110). Polonius then goes to tell the King and Queen of Hamlets strange behavior and plans to spy on Hamlet to prove hes gone mad. Ophelia now is left feeling guilty. When she sees Hamlet later on she tries to speak with him, but is rejected coldly. He does not listen to her and screams harsh words leaving her feeling worthless and embarrassed. I loved you not. (III.i.119). Mustard Gas Is A Group Of Chemical Compounds Used In Chemical Warfare, Essay Get thee to a nunnery. (III.i.121) you jig, you amble, and you lisp, and nickname Gods creatures, and make you wantonnes your ignorance. Go to, Ill no more ont; (III.i. 146-48) This incident causes Ophelia to become slightly disturbed. She sits weeping while her father and the King practically step on her weak body to find out more reason for Hamlets actions. In this depressed state all she can say is O! woe is me, to have seen what I have seen, what I see! (III.i.163-64) So, because of Hamlets rudeness and rejection through this part of the play, Ophelia is driven even .

Odysseus Is Not a Hero free essay sample

I have to write an essay, but it seems that every essay I write to the teacher, she just doesnt end up liking it, if you can please help me with what I am doing wrong that would be great. Thanks Not So Much a Hero A heroic person is who does courageous acts for the sake of his family and peers. In the epic poem, The Odyssey by Homer, the protagonist, Odysseus, has not been a heroic person throughout the poem. Odysseus, Son of Laertes, has journeyed off with his crew in search of returning home and has not met the requirements of being a hero. Instead he displays he is insensible towards others, disloyal, and untrustworthy. One characteristic that Odysseus presents is being insensible towards his crew members. An example of this is when Odysseus and his men are trapped in the Cyclopes cave, Odysseus says â€Å"Now came the time to toss for it: who ventured along with me? Whose hand could bear to thrust and grind that spike in Cyclops eye† (279). We will write a custom essay sample on Odysseus Is Not a Hero or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This shows that Odysseus fails to symbolize what his members are feeling. For this reason because Odysseus want to decide who to help him brawl Cyclops with a toss of a coin, he does not show a heroic decision. Each time when Odysseus does something wrong the Gods, particularly Zeus, would give his men troubles on Odysseus’s actions. For example, just after wanting to depart the island, Zeus â€Å"disdained the offering: destruction for my ships he had in shore and death for those who sailed them, my companions† (512). This shows Odysseus has disobeyed Zeus; leading him to destruct Odysseus’s ships and men. Proving that Odysseus is endangering his crew members by his absent of feeling towards others. Not only does Odysseus lack feeling, but is untrustworthy to his peers. Odysseus has many conflicts of whether he is a trustworthy person. An example of showing Odysseus being untrustworthy is when the Cyclops asks why he is here, Odysseus answers â€Å"He thought he’d find out, but I saw through this and answered with a ready lie: My ship? Poseidon. Lord. Who set the earth a tremble†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (226). This shows that Odysseus dishonest his way out of things. A hero should be upright towards other people and not lie to achieve what he wants. Another conflict that Odysseus has with his men is when sailing towards Scylla, Odysseus says to himself â€Å"But as I sent them on towards Scylla. I told them nothing, as they could do nothing† (785). This proves that he cannot be trusted by leaving him men to find out for them. This is the reason why Odysseus is untrustworthy to his crew mates. Odysseus has not only been not trusted by his men, but disloyal to his family. To be disloyal is when false to ones obligations. Odysseus has showed this many times throughout the poem. An example is when he has secret relationships with Circe even though married â€Å"Circe, persuades Odysseus to stay, share her meat and wine, and restore his heart† (1054). This shows that Odysseus has cheated on his wife while out at sea. This proves that Odysseus is a treacherous man to his family. While Odysseus’s men kill a ram, Zeus punishes them by a thunderbolt, killing everyone but Odysseus â€Å"The dangerous nymph Calypso lives and sings there, in her beauty and she received me, loved me† (985). This shows that Odysseus has sailed away without his men and going to Calypso. Showing how Odysseus is disloyal to his crew, leaving their bodies and only caring about himself. Odysseus has many characteristics that he shows throughout his journey, but not heroic. Dragging his members into his own faults by the Gods, being a untrustworthy leader, and a bad husband to his wife. Odysseus is not a heroic person, just arrogant. Overall in this epic poem, Odysseus shows no characteristics of a heroic person.

The Complex Life of Charles Maurice De Talleyrand

The Complex Life of Charles Maurice De Talleyrand Charles Maurice de Talleyrand (born February 2, 1754, in Paris, France- died May 17, 1838, in Paris),  was a defrocked French Bishop, diplomat, foreign minister, and politician. Alternately renowned and reviled for his tactical skills of political survival, Talleyrand served at the highest levels of the French government for nearly half a century during the reign of King Louis XVI, the French Revolution, Napoleon Bonaparte, and the reigns of Kings Louis XVIII, and Louis-Philippe. Admired and distrusted in equal measure by those he served, Talleyrand has proven difficult for historians to evaluate. While some tout him as one of the most skilled and proficient diplomats in French history, others paint him as a self-serving traitor, who betrayed the ideals of Napoleon and the French Revolution- liberty, equality, and fraternity. Today, the term â€Å"Talleyrand† is used to refer to the practice of skillfully deceitful diplomacy. Fast Facts: Charles Maurice de Talleyrand Known for: Diplomat, politician, member of the Catholic clergyBorn: February 2, 1754 in Paris, FranceParents: Count Daniel de Talleyrand-Pà ©rigord and Alexandrine de Damas dAntignyDied: May 17, 1838 in Paris, FranceEducation: University of ParisKey Accomplishments and Awards: Foreign minister under four Kings of France, during the French Revolution, and under Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte; played a key role in the restoration of the Bourbon monarchySpouses Name: Catherine Worlà ©eKnown Children: (disputed) Charles Joseph, comte de Flahaut; Adelaide Filleul; Marquise de Souza-Botelho; â€Å"Mysterious Charlotte† Early Life, Education, and Career in the Catholic Clergy Talleyrand was born on February 2, 1754, in Paris, France, to his 20-year-old father, Count Daniel de Talleyrand-Pà ©rigord and his mother, Alexandrine de Damas dAntigny. Though both parents held positions in the court of King Louis XVI, neither earned a steady income. Having walked with a limp since childhood, Talleyrand was excluded from his anticipated career in the military. As an alternative, Talleyrand sought a career in the Catholic clergy, bent on replacing his uncle, Alexandre Angà ©lique de Talleyrand-Pà ©rigord, as the Archbishop of Reims, one of the wealthiest dioceses in France. After studying theology at the Seminary of Saint-Sulpice and the University of Paris until age 21, Talleyrand went on to become an ordained priest in 1779. A year later, he was appointed Agent-General of the Clergy to the French Crown. In 1789, despite being disliked by the King, he was appointed Bishop of Autun. During the French Revolution, Talleyrand largely abandoned the Catholic religion and resigned as a Bishop after being excommunicated by Pope Pius VI in 1791. From France to England to America and Back As the French Revolution progressed the French government took note of Talleyrand’s skills as a negotiator. In 1791, the French foreign minister sent him to London to persuade the British government to remain neutral, rather than joining Austria and several other European monarchies in the looming war against France. After failing twice, he returned to Paris. When the September Massacres broke out in 1792, Talleyrand, now an endangered aristocrat, fled Paris for England without defecting. In December 1792, the French government issued a warrant for his arrest. Finding himself no more popular in England than in France, he was expelled from the country in March 1794 by British Prime Minister William Pitt. Until returning to France in 1796, Talleyrand lived in the war-neutral United States as a house guest of influential American politician Aaron Burr. During his stay in the United States, Talleyrand lobbied the French government to allow him to return. Always the crafty negotiator, he succeeded and returned to France in September 1796. By 1797, Talleyrand, recently persona non grata in France, had been appointed the country’s foreign minister. Immediately after being appointed foreign minister, Talleyrand added to his infamous reputation of placing personal greed above duty by demanding the payment of bribes by American diplomats involved in the XYZ Affair, which escalated into the limited, undeclared Quasi-War with the United States from 1798 to 1799.   Talleyrand and Napoleon: An Opera of Deceit Partly out of gratitude for his assistance in the 1799 coup d’à ©tat that saw him crowned Emperor in 1804, Napoleon made Talleyrand his minister of foreign affairs. In addition, the Pope overturned his excommunication from the Catholic Church. Working to solidify France’s gains in the wars, he brokered peace with Austria in 1801 and with Britain in 1802. When Napoleon moved to continue France’s wars against Austria, Prussia, and Russia in 1805, Talleyrand opposed the decision. Now losing his confidence in the future of Napoleon’s reign, Talleyrand resigned as foreign minister in 1807 but was retained by Napoleon as vice-grand elector of the Empire. Despite his resignation, Talleyrand did not lose Napoleon’s trust. However, the Emperor’s trust was misplaced as Talleyrand went behind his back, secretly negotiating personally profitable peace agreements with Russia and Austria. Having resigned as Napoleon’s foreign minister, Talleyrand abandoned traditional diplomacy and sought peace by accepting bribes from the leaders of Austria and Russia in return for Napoleon’s secret military plans. At the same time, Talleyrand had started plotting with other French politicians on how to best protect their own wealth and status during the struggle for power they knew would erupt after Napoleon’s death. When Napoleon learned of these plots, he declared them treasonous. Though he still refused to discharge Talleyrand, Napoleon famously chastised him, saying he would â€Å"break him like a glass, but it’s not worth the trouble.† As France’s vice-grand elector, Talleyrand continued to be at odds with Napoleon, first opposing the Emperor’s harsh treatment of the Austrian people after the end of the War of the Fifth Coalition in 1809, and criticizing the French invasion of Russia in 1812. Though he was invited to return to his old office as foreign minister in 1813, Talleyrand refused, sensing that Napoleon was quickly losing the support of the people and the rest of the government. Despite what had become his utter hatred for Napoleon, Talleyrand remained dedicated to a peaceful transition of power. On April 1, 1814 Talleyrand convinced the French Senate to create a provisional government in Paris, with him as president. The next day, he led the French Senate in official deposing Napoleon as Emperor and forcing him into exile the island of Elba. On April 11, 1814, the French Senate, in approving the Treaty of Fontainebleau adopted a new constitution that returned power to the Bourbon monarchy. Talleyrand and the Bourbon Restoration Talleyrand played a key role in the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy. After King Louis XVIII of the House of Bourbon succeeded Napoleon. He served as chief French negotiator at the 1814 Congress of Vienna, securing advantageous peace settlements for France in what was then the most-comprehensive treaty in European history. Later the same year, he represented France in negotiating the Treaty of Paris ending the Napoleonic Wars between France and Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia.   Representing the aggressor nation, Talleyrand faced a daunting task in negotiating the Treaty of Paris. However, his diplomatic skills were credited for securing terms that were extremely lenient to France. When the peace talks began, only Austria, the United Kingdom, Prussia, and Russia were to be allowed to have decision-making power. France and the smaller European countries were to be allowed only to attend the meetings. However, Talleyrand succeeded in convincing the four powers to allow France and Spain to attend the backroom decision-making meetings. Now a hero to the smaller countries, Talleyrand proceeded to secure agreements under which France was allowed to maintain its pre-war 1792 boundaries without paying further reparations. Not only did he succeed in ensuring that France would not be partitioned by the victorious countries, he greatly enhanced his own image and standing in the French monarchy. Napoleon escaped from exile on Elba and returned to France in March 1815 bent on forcibly retaking power. Though Napoleon was ultimately defeated in the Hundred Days, dying in the Battle of Waterloo on June 18, 1815, Talleyrand’s diplomatic reputation had suffered in the process. Bowing to the wishes of his quickly expanding group of political enemies, he resigned in September 1815. For the next 15 years, Talleyrand publicly portrayed himself as an â€Å"elder statesman,† while continuing to criticize and scheme against King Charles X from the shadows. Upon learning of Napoleon’s death at Waterloo, Talleyrand cynically commented, â€Å"It is not an event, it is a piece of news.† When King Louis-Philippe I, a cousin of King Louis XVI, came to power after the July Revolution of 1830, Talleyrand returned to government service as ambassador to the United Kingdom until 1834. Family Life Well known for using relationships with influential aristocratic women to advance his political position, Talleyrand had several affairs during his life, including a longtime intimate relationship with a married woman who would eventually become his only wife, Catherine Worlà ©e Grand. In 1802, French Emperor Napoleon, concerned that the French people viewed his foreign minister as a notorious womanizer, ordered Talleyrand to marry the now divorced Catherine Worlà ©e. The couple remained together until Catherine’s death in 1834, after which the now 80-year-old Talleyrand lived with the Duchess of Dino, Dorothea von Biron, the divorced wife of his nephew.   The number and names of the children Talleyrand fathered during his life is not clearly established. Though he may have fathered at least four children, none were known to have been legitimate. The four children most widely agreed on by historians include Charles Joseph, Comte de Flahaut; Adelaide Filleul; Marquise de Souza-Botelho; and a girl known only as â€Å"Mysterious Charlotte.† Later Life and Death After permanently retiring from his political career in 1834, Talleyrand, accompanied by the Duchess of Dino, moved to his estate at Valenà §ay. He would spend his final years adding to his voluminous personal library and writing his memoirs. As he neared the end of his life, Talleyrand realized that as an apostate bishop, he would have to rectify his old disputes with the Catholic Church in order to be given an honorable church burial. With the help of his niece, Dorothà ©e, he arranged with the Archbishop de Quà ©len and abbot Dupanloup to sign an official letter in which he would acknowledge his past transgressions and beg for divine forgiveness. Talleyrand would spend the last two months of his life writing and re-writing this letter in which he eloquently disavowed â€Å"the great errors which [in his opinion] had troubled and afflicted the Catholic, Apostolic and Roman Church, and in which he himself had had the misfortune to fall.† On May 17, 1838, abbot Dupanloup, having accepted Talleyrand’s letter, came to see the dying man. After hearing his last confession, the priest anointed the back of Talleyrand’s hands, a rite reserved only for ordained bishops. Talleyrand passed away at 3:35 in the afternoon of the same day. State and religious funeral services were held on May 22, and on September 5, Talleyrand was buried in the Notre-Dame Chapel, near his chà ¢teau in Valenà §ay. Did You Know? Today, the term â€Å"Talleyrand† is used to refer to the practice of skillfully deceitful diplomacy. Legacy Talleyrand may be the epitome of a walking contradiction. Clearly morally corrupt, he commonly used deceit as a tactic, demanded bribes from persons with whom he was negotiating, and openly lived with mistresses and courtesans for decades. Politically, many regard him as a traitor because of his support for multiple regimes and leaders, some of which were hostile toward each other. On the other hand, as philosopher Simone Weil contends, some criticism of Talleyrand’s loyalty may be overstated, as while he not only served every regime that ruled France, he also served the â€Å"France behind every regime.† Famous Quotes Traitor, patriot, or both, Talleyrand was an artist with a pallet of words he used skillfully to the benefit of both himself and those he served. Some of his more memorable quotes include: â€Å"Whoever did not live in the years neighboring 1789 does not know what the pleasure of living means.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"It is not an event, it is a piece of news.† (upon learning of Napoleon’s death)â€Å"I am more afraid of an army of one hundred sheep led by a lion than an army of one hundred lions led by a sheep.†And perhaps most self-revealing: â€Å"Man was given speech to disguise his thoughts.† Sources Tully, Mark. Remembering Talleyrand Restorus, May 17, 2016Haine, Scott. â€Å"The History of France (1st ed.).† Greenwood Press. p. 93. ISBN 0-313-30328-2.Palmer, Robert Roswell; Joel Colton (1995). â€Å"A History of the Modern World (8 ed.).† New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing. ISBN 978-0-67943-253-1. . Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Pà ©rigordNapoleon and EmpireScott, Samuel F. and Rothaus Barry, eds., Historical Dictionary of the French Revolution 1789–1799 (vol. 2 1985)Weil, Simone (2002). â€Å"The Need for Roots: Prelude to a Declaration of Duties Towards Mankind.† Routledge Classics. ISBN 0-415-27102-9.

A small high quality restaurant Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

A small high quality restaurant - Assignment Example This paper is a business report to the owners of a small high quality restaurant on how Internet Technologies (E-business) and Information Systems (IS) could enhance their business operations. The current global market is largely driven by advanced technologies like internet technologies (E-business) and Information Systems. These have been very instrumental in effective marketing, advertising, customer retention and capturing new markets. The effect of this is that those-businesses which only utilize very basic computer facilities are greatly disadvantaged. This is because their business operations cannot be able to match with those of similar enterprises which utilize E-business and IS. This therefore necessitates the adoption of such technologies and strategies in order to match up with the existing business trends and competition levels. Amor (1999) explains e-business as the conduction of business over the internet. The-business functions performed over the internet include buying, selling, collaborating with business partners and servicing customers. Such a strategy is very timely for businesses considering the increased access to the internet by many people for various reasons including search for the best eating places. This can apply both to the local as well as international customers for example tourists or people who travel for business purposes. E-business is about the application of ICT to support the-business activities of an organization or enterprise. Beynon-Davies (2004) states that the use of ICT enables the external activities of a business to be performed more effectively. It also fosters the relationship of a business with other businesses, individual and groups. According to Kalakota and Andrew (1997) the processes used in e-business enable-businesses to link their internal data processing with the external ones in a more efficient and flexible manner. With e-business, customers are allowed to pay for their goods using cheques. This